Out-of-position anchor bolts occur when the measured deviation or variation from the specified location or alignment exceeds the specified construction tolerance. To avoid schedule delays and costs ...

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are on the verge of significant disruption by enabling novel applications. This success largely relies on wafer-level miniaturized photonic device fabrication, ...

Packaging is a critical factor which affects cost in optoelectronic systems. Currently, submicron tolerances on optical fiber and optical free space components are common, resulting in expensive ...