Often the time derivative of a measured variable is of as much interest as the variable itself. For a growing population of biological cells, for example, the population’s growth rate is typically ...

All sorts of physical processes in this analog world exhibit some degree of randomness. Think of noise, for example. Many noisy processes are described by Gaussian probability distributions. We should ...

Think about a baseball game. The batter has to decide whether and how to hit the incoming pitch. He needs to judge the position and speed of the ball, given his own visual uncertainty, and to estimate ...

How to use statistical tools for component tolerance analysis. A look at methods such as Monte Carlo and Gaussian distribution. Simulating a dc-dc converter in LTspice to model closed-loop voltage ...