To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

Since the earliest versions of indoor LED light bulbs were developed, their designers have faced a variety of technical challenges. These include AC-to-DC power conversion, thermal design/heat-sinking ...

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are often used with a voltage source from a power-supply output voltage. The output voltage increases until the current through the LEDs reaches the value of the ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. LEDs are the most efficient way to turn an electric current into illumination. When a current flows through a diode in the forward ...

The lighting industry has been buzzing with news of solid-state light source advancements for several years. As one light-emitting diode (LED) lighting fixture manufacturer puts it, flat printed ...

Optical interconnects have attracted much research attention in recent years owing to potential performance and power-consumption improvements over traditional electrical connectivity. A complete ...